Simulation of the whole cardiac cyle. The various phases of the cardiac cycle are simulated with appropriate boundary conditions.

The model is first passively inflated during the diastasis and atrial contraction phase.

Isovolumic contraction is simulated by incrementing active fibre tension (incrementing the CA parameter), while at each increment the cavity pressures are adjusted to keep the cavity volumes constant.

The rapid ejection phase is simulated by incrementing the pressure. At each pressure increment a specified volume is given in a file. The CA parameter (active fiber tension) is adjusted to obtain the desired volume. The pressure-volume relationship may be changed to e.g. a Windkessel-model by adjusting the values in the file.

The reduced ejection phase is simulated by keeping CA constant and reducing the pressure slightly.

Isovolumic relaxation is simulated similarly to IVC.

The rapid filling phase is simulated by reducing the CA and pressures down to 0.

Note that the MRP01.ipline and MRP01.ipnode files in this example are slightly different to the same files in examples 811a-d. A couple of scalefactors and derivatives are changed as I believe they were wrong and caused non-overlapping element surfaces. In addition the LV endocardial apex is made slightly rounder in an attempt to improve numerical stability.

Created by Espen Remme May 2004.